Combined Local Delivery of Tacrolimus and Stem Cells in Fibrin Gel Is a Viable Potential Treatment for Enhancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Mana Saffari, MD¹; Katelyn Chan, MASc BioSci²; Sara Saffari, BSc. of Medicine¹; Kevin J. Zuo, MD, MASc³; Gregory H Borschel, MD⁴; Alexander Y Shin, MD^5
1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; ²Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁴Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁵Orthopaedic Surgery, Div Hand Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

Physiologic Signaling of the Muscle Cuff Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (MC-RPNI) during Volitional Behavior
Shelby Svientek, MD¹; Jarred Bratley, BS²; Amir Dehdashtian, MD, MPH²; Carrie A Kubiak, MD²; Paul S Cederna, MD³; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD^2
1The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ²University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ³Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Defined Extracellular Matrix Based Microporous Matrices Can Modulate Inflammation, Angiogenesis and Repair in Ex-Vivo Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia
Alan J Hibbitts, PhD¹; Zuzana Koci, PhD²; Simone Kneafsey, BSc²; Amos Matsiko, PhD²; Brenton Cavanagh, PhD²; Simon J Archibald, PhD³; Fergal J O'Brien, PhD^2
1Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; ²Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; ³Integra LifeSciences, Plainsboro, NJ

NeuroStitch: Nanofabrication of a High Resolution Biomimetic Peripheral Nerve Interface
Zeshaan N Maan, MD, MSc¹; Janos A Barrera, MD¹; Dominic Henn, M.D.¹; Eric T Zhao, MA¹; Nicholas T Melosh, PhD¹; Jagannath Padmanabhan, PhD¹; Geoffrey C. Gurtner, MD²; Kellen N Chen, PhD^1
1Stanford University, Stanford, CA; ²Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

Conditioning Electrical Stimulation Enhances Regenerative Potential in Chronic Nerve Injuries
Jenna-Lynn B Senger, MD, PhD¹; Karyne Rabey, PhD¹; Ming Chan, MD, FRCP²; Christine A Webber, PhD^1
1University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; ²Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

Presence of Chondroitin Sulfate in Nerve Conduits Promotes Favorable Immunomodulation for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Victoria Stefanelli, PhD; Andrew Mesaris, MS; Benjamin Mintz, PhD; Elaina Panas, PhD; Simon Archibald, PhD; Ankur Gandhi, PhD
Integra LifeSciences, Princeton, NJ

Acceptability and Feasibility of Surface EMG-Based Gamification Therapy for Motor Relearning after Nerve and Tendon Transfers
Yusha Liu, MD, PhD¹; Rafael M.L. Silva, MS²; Jeffrey B. Friedrich, MD¹; Dennis S. Kao, MD¹; Pierre D. Mourad, PhD¹; Aaron E. Bunnell, MD^1
1University of Washington, Seattle, WA; ²University of Washington, Bothell, WA

A Biodegradable Nerve Wrap Delivering Fk506 Enhances Nerve Regeneration In A Rat Model Of Acute Cut And Repair
Simeon C. Daeschler, MD, Dr. med.¹; Katelyn Chan, MASc BioSci²; Jennifer Zhang, B.Sc, MD, PhD³; Konstantin Feinberg, PhD⁴; Tessa Gordon, PhD²; Gregory H Borschel, MD^5
1SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁴Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁵Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Neuromuscular Junction Reinnervation after Injury... a Novel Role for Tbx21
Curtis Broberg, BS¹; Albina Jablonka-Shariff, PhD²; Alison K Snyder-Warwick, MD^3
1Washington University, Saint Louis, MO; ²Plastic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO; ³Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO

Surgical Angiogenesis Modifies the Cellular Environment of Decellularized Nerve Allografts in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Defect Model
Mana Saffari, MD¹; Femke Mathot, MD¹; Allen T. Bishop, MD²; Andre van Wijnen, PhD³; Alexander Y. Shin, MD^4
1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; ²Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rochester, MN; ³Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; ⁴Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

The Role of Schwann Cells in Regulation of Limbal Stem Cells During Corneal Maintenance and Healing
Seyed Kaveh Mirmoeini, MD, MASc¹,²; Konstantin Feinberg, PhD³; Kiana Tajdaran, MD, MASc¹; Tessa Gordon, PhD⁴; Gregory H Borschel, MD^5
1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁴Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁵Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Pre-Clinical Investigation of Extracellular Matrix Enhanced Filled Nerve Guidance Conduits Using a Rat Large Distance Sciatic Nerve Defect Model
Alan J Hibbitts, PhD¹; Zuzana Koci, PhD²; Simone Kneafsey, BSc²; Adrian Dervan, PhD²; Paige Hinton, MSc²; Leyla Zilic, PhD³; Gang Chen, PhD MD²; Brenton Cavanagh, PhD²; Conor Buckley, PhD³; Simon Archibald, PhD⁴; Fergal J O'Brien, PhD^2
1Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; ²Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; ³Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; ⁴Integra LifeSciences, Princeton, NJ

The Role of Corneal Nerves in the Maintenance of Corneal Epithelium
Kiana Tajdaran, MD, MASc¹,²; Konstantin Feinberg, PhD³; Seyed Kaveh Mirmoeini, MD, MASc¹; Tessa Gordon⁴; Gregory H Borschel, MD^4
1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²The Hospital for Sick children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³The hospital for sick children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁴Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

Precisional Controlled Mechanical Compression For Reproducible Chronic Constriction Injury Mimicking Compressive Neuropathy In Rat Sciatic Nerve
Szu han Chen, MD/master¹; Yuan-Yu Hsueh, MD/PHD²; Chia-Ching Wu, PHD, Professor²; Tzu-chieh Huang, PHD²; Jheng-yang Wang, master^2
1National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; ²National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

New Tools in the Nerve Repair Toolbox: A Light-Activated Sutureless Coaptation System
Estelle Collin, PhD¹; Christophe Naz, MEng¹; Valentina Cirillo, PhD¹; Joanna Xylas, PhD²; Youssef Biadillah, MEng¹; Dominic Power, MD³; Maria Pereira, PhD^1
1Tissium, Paris, France; ²Tissium, Boston, MA; ³Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Quantification of Axonal Regeneration via Machine Learning in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Defect Model
Benjamin R Mintz, PhD¹; Arun Nemani, PhD²; Andrew Mesaris, B.S.¹; Paul Bonvallet, PhD¹; Ankur Gandhi, PhD^1
1Integra LifeSciences, Princeton, NJ; ²Draycon Labs, Chicago, IL

IGF-1 Nanoparticles in a Nanofiber Hyrdogel-based Drug Delivery System to Enhance Functional Recovery After Peripheral Nerve Injury
Thomas G.W. Harris, MBChB¹; Karim A. Sarhane, MD²; Chenhu Qiu, BS³; Philip J Hanwright, MD²; Nicholas von Guionneau, MD¹; Connor Glass, BS¹; Alison Wong, MD¹; Harsha Malapati, BS¹; Nicholas Hricz, BS¹; Matthew Generoso, BS¹; Ahmet Hoke, MD PhD²; Hai-Quan Mao, PhD³; Sami Tuffaha, MD^4
1Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ²Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ³Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; ⁴Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

Nerve Coaptation is Associated with Improved Sensation After Microvascular Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Objective Outcomes
Jesse Chou, BA¹; Justin M Broyles, MD^2
1Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI; ²Harvard University, Boston, MA

From Motor Neurons to Muscle: Regenerative Strategies to Babysit both Proximal and Distal to a Primary Nerve Repair
Zarina S Ali, MD, MS¹; Franco A. Laimo, BS¹; Justin C Burrell, MS¹; Kritika Katiyar, PhD¹; C. Joseph Maggiore, BS¹; Kevin Browne, BA¹; Joseph M. Rosen, MD²; Daniel Kacy Cullen, PhD^1
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; ²Surgery / Plastic Surgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH

Total Brachial Plexus Injury: Contralateral C7 Root Transfer To The Lower Trunk Versus The Median Nerve
Ye Jiang, PhD
Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China

Diffusion MRI for Diagnosing Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Proof of Concept Study
Timothy Thomas Griffiths, MBChB¹; Irvin Teh, BE MBiomedE PhD¹; Grainne Bourke, MB BCh BAO FRCSI FRCS(Plast)²; Ryckie George Wade, MBBS MSc MClinEd MRCS FHEA³; Robert J Flather, MBChB^1
1University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; ²Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; ³Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Use of Intercostal Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Shoulder Function After Virally-Induced Spinal Cord Injuries
Ryan A Hoffman, MD¹; Matthew DeWolf, MD²; Dan A Zlotolow, MD³; Paula A Pino, MD^4
1Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA; ²Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Philadelphia, PA; ³Shriners Hospital for Children Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; ⁴Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Santiago, Santiago, Chile

The Addition Of A Nerve Transfer To The Treatment Of Peroneal Neuropathy Secondary To Intraneural Ganglion: Case Series
Jessica M Winter, MD¹; Yiyang Zhang, MD, FRCSC²; Jennifer Guiffre, MD, FRCSC¹; Tod A. Clark, MD, FRCSC^3
1University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; ²University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; ³Department of Orthopedics, University of Manitoba, Pan Am Clinic, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

Migrating Migraines: Risk factors for residual symptoms and unmasking of secondary trigger sites after headache surgery
Banafsheh Sharif-Askary, MD¹; Salma A. Abdou, MD²; Karina Charipova, BS³; Idanis Perez-Alvarez, BS³; Grant M. Kleiber, MD^1
1Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; ²MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; ³Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC

Anatomically-Complete Supraclavicular Reoperation for Recurrent Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics, Operative Findings, and Long-Term Follow-Up
Momodou L Jammeh, MD¹; J. Westley Ohman, MD¹; Chandu Vemuri, MD²; Ahmmad A. Abuirqeba, BA¹; Robert W Thompson, MD^1
1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; ²Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

The Effect of Timing on Nerve Surgery Outcomes for Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy
Kevin T Rezzadeh, BA¹; Megan Rose Donnelly, BS²; Karen J Noh, BS²; Themistocles Stavros Protopsaltis, MD³; Andrew E. Price, MD⁴; Jacques H. Hacquebord, MD^2
1New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; ²NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; ³NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY; ⁴Brachial Plexus Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY

Nerve Transfer Surgery in Spinal Cord Injury: Online Information Sharing
Christine B Novak, PT, PhD¹; Jana Dengler, MASc, MD²; Syena Moltaji, MD^3
1Toronto Western Hospital Hand Program, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Outcomes In Alternative Posterior Approach, Double Nerve Transfer For Restoration Of Shoulder Function
Lindsay E Janes, MD¹; Christopher Stephen Crowe, MD²; Nikhil D Shah, BS³; Jason H Ko, MD, MBA^4
1Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; ²University of Washington, Seattle, WA; ³Northwestern Univeristy, Chicago, IL; ⁴Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL

Short-term Outcomes of Novel Nerve Transfers for Shoulder External Rotation in Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Stephanie Russo, MD, PhD¹; Carrie Bettlach, FNP²; Julie M West, MS, PA-C³; Amy M Moore, MD^4
1Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; ²Washington University, St. Louis, MO; ³The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; ⁴Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation after Hip Disarticulation and Hemipelvectomy: A Preliminary Study of Surgical Technique
Steven J Schneeberger, MD¹; Steven A Schulz, MD²; Julie M West, MS, PA-C²; Amy M Moore, MD³; Ian Valerio, MD, MBA^4
1The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; ²The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; ³Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; ⁴Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Novel Use of Dermal Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces for Neuroma Prevention in Digit Amputation
Laura Bashour, MS¹; Helen Schafer, MS¹; Cole Holan, MS¹; Brent M Egeland, MD²; Steven Haase, MD³; Theodore A Kung, MD⁴; Steven L Henry, MD, FACS, FAAP⁵; Brian P Kelley, MD^1
1Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Austin, TX; ²Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ³University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; ⁴Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ⁵Dell Medical School at University of Texas, Austin, TX

Accuracy of Patient Medication Reporting Using the Neuropathic Pain Medication Log
Carrie A Kubiak, MD¹; Jennifer B Hamill, MPH¹; Hyungjin M Kim, ScD¹; Randy S Roth, MD, PhD¹; Paul S Cederna, MD²; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD¹; Michael E Geisser, MD, PhD¹; Theodore A Kung, MD^3
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ²Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ³Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Morbidity And Function Loss After Resection Of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Enrico Martin, MD¹; Courtney Pendleton, MD²; Cornelis Verhoef, MD, PhD³; Robert J. Spinner, MD⁴; J. Henk Coert, MD, PhD^5
1University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; ²Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; ³Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; ⁴Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; ⁵Plastic-, Reconstructive- and Hand surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Treatment Strategies for Injuries of the “Unforgiving” Radial Sensory Nerve
Elisabeth Maria Brakkee, MD, MSc¹; Annemieke Stokvis, MD, MSc, PhD²; Erick DeVinney, BS³; J. Henk Coert, MD, PhD^4
1UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; ²Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; ³Clinical and Translational Sciences, AxoGen Inc, Alachua, FL; ⁴University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Flap Mass and Outcomes in Gracilis Muscle Transfer for Smile Reanimation
Adeeb Derakhshan, MD¹; Diego L Guarin, PhD¹; Wenjin Wang, MD, PhD²; Shekhar Gadkaree, MD¹; Tessa A Hadlock, MD³; Nate Jowett, MD^3
1Harvard Medical School / Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA; ²Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; ³Facial Nerve Center - Dept. of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School / Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA

Natural History Of Peripheral Neuropathy In Patients With (Non-)Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Willem D. Rinkel, MD¹; J. Henk Coert, MD, PhD^2
1Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands; ²Plastic-, Reconstructive- and Hand surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Approach to the Pan-Brachial Plexus Injury: variation in surgical strategies among surgeons
Steven T Lanier, MD¹; J. Ryan Hill, MD¹; Aimee S James, PhD MPH²; Liz Rolf, BLS²; David M Brogan, MD, MSc²; Christopher J Dy, MD, MPH, FACS^3
1Washington University, St. Louis, MO; ²Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; ³Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO

The First Canadian Experience Of Intercostal To Phrenic Nerve Transfers For Phrenic Nerve Palsy
Matthew WT Curran, MD, MSc¹; Jenna-Lynn B Senger, MD, PhD²; Courtney Gail Wilkes, Medical Degree²; Julie C Beveridge, MD, MSc²; Ming Chan, MD³; Michael Morhart, MD, FRCSC⁴; Jaret Olson, MD^4
1Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; ²University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; ³Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; ⁴Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

The Long Lost Tunnel of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve: An Anatomical Description and Surgical Approach to Decompression.
Jessica Truong, MD MSc¹; Douglas C. Ross, MD, MEd²; Valerie Hurdle, MD³; Tyler Beveridge, PhD^1
1Western University, London, ON, Canada; ²Plastic Surgery/ Hand and Upper limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Centre University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; ³University of British Columbia, Kamloops, ON, Canada

Baseline and Early Differences Following Nerve and Tendon Transfers for Restoration of Upper Extremity Function in Cervical Level Spinal Cord Injury
Blair Robert Peters, MD¹; Stephanie Russo, MD, PhD²; Carie R. Kennedy, BSN³; Doug Ota, MD⁴; Katherine C Stenson, MD⁵; Christine B. Novak, PhD⁶; John D Steeves, PhD⁷; Catherine Curtin, MD⁸; Ida Fox, MD⁹; Katharine Tam, MD^10
1Department of Surgery/Section of Plastic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; ²Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; ³Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO; ⁴Palo Alto Veterans Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA; ⁵VA St. Louis Healthcare System, St Louis, MO; ⁶Toronto Western Hospital Hand Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁷ICORD, Vancouver, BC, Canada; ⁸Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; ⁹Division of Plastic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; ¹⁰St Louis VA Medical Center, St Louis, MO

Patient-Reported Quality of Life and the Impact of Delayed Referral to a Nerve Surgeon
John M Felder, MD¹; Ivica Ducic, MD, PhD^2
1Washington University, St Louis, MO; ²Washington Nerve Institute, McLean, VA

Primary Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in Above-Knee Amputations in Patients with Unsalvageable Limbs from Limb-Threatening Ischemia or Infection
Brian L Chang, MD¹; Josh Mondshine, BS¹; Christopher E. Attinger, MD²; Grant M. Kleiber, MD^3
1Georgetown University, Washington, DC; ²Plastic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; ³Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC

Treatment of Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction with Genitofemoral Nerve Transfer
Eric G Wimmers, MD
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Institute for Advanced Reconstruction, Shrewsbury, NJ

Early Post-operative Complications Following Nerve Transfer in Persons with Tetraplegia
Peter Qi, MD¹; Christine B Novak, PT, PhD²; Jana Dengler, MASc, MD^3
1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²Toronto Western Hospital Hand Program, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada

Systematic Review Of Targeted Muscle Reinnervation And Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces For The Treatment Of Residual Limb Pain Following Major Limb Amputation
Genevieve Dostaler, MD, MHA¹; Adil Ladak, MD, MSc²; Hollie Power, MD^3
1University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; ²Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; ³Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada