Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Repair Utilizing a Human Nerve Allograft in an Athymic Rat
Paul Bonvallet, PhD; Benjamin Mintz, PhD; Joshua Czeczuga, PhD; Elaina Panas, PhD; Andrew Mesaris, BS; Simon Archibald, PhD; Ankur Gandhi, PhD
Integra LifeSciences, Princeton, NJ

Establishment of Pain Hypersensitivity, Gait Impairment, and Decreased Muscle Force in a Novel Rat Model of Radiation Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Allison B Vittert, MS¹; Mary Jane Risch, BS¹; Noah S Nelson, BSc²; Alexis Donnelys, MD²; Amir Dehdashtian, MD, MPH¹; Gina N Sacks, MD¹; Paul S Cederna, MD³; Steven R. Buchman, MD⁴; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD^1
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ²The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ³Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ⁴Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Mitigation Of Neuroma Induced Neuropathic Pain Through Prophylactic Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces (RPNIs) is Sexually Dimorphic In Rats
Amir Dehdashtian, MD, MPH¹; Shelby Svientek, MD²; Mary Jane Risch, BS¹; Jarred Bratley, BS¹; Allison B Vittert, MS¹; Daniel C. Ursu, MS³; Paul S Cederna, MD⁴; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD^1
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ²The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ³Plastic Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ⁴Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Utilization of Focused Ultrasound for Reversible opening and Disruption of the Blood-Nerve-Barrier
Daniel Umansky, MD¹; Chenchen Bing, PhD¹; Tak Ho Chu, PhD¹; Samuel Pichardo, PhD¹; Rajiv Midha, MD, MSc^2
1University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; ²Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Nerve Transfer Surgery For Brachial Plexus Injury: A Systematic Review Of The Literature
Chloe Emma Haldane, BHSc, MScPT, MD¹; Geoff Frost, BASc, MHSc, MD¹; Emmanuel Ogalo, BKin¹; Sean Bristol, MD, FRCSC²; Christopher Doherty, MD, FRCSC³; Michael James Berger, MD, PhD, FRCPC, CSCN Diplomate (EMG)^4
1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; ²University of British Columbia, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vancouver, BC, Canada; ³Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Care Center, University of British Columbia, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vancouver, BC, Canada; ⁴University of British Columbia, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Collagen Deposition in Ilioinguinal Nerves from Primary Inguinal Hernia Patients
Robert C Wright, MD, FACS¹; Troy Sanders, BS²; Donald Born, MD, PhD³; Anjali Kumar, MD, MPH, FACS⁴; Mia Smith, BS^1
1Cascade Hernia Institute, Puyallup, WA; ²Elson Floyd School of Medicine, Spokane, WA; ³Stanford University, Stanford, CA; ⁴Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA

Alterations in Myelinisation of Painful Nerves, Proximal to the Site of Injury
Elisabeth Maria Brakkee, MD, MSc¹; Wim van Hecke, MD¹; Erick DeVinney, BS²; J. Henk Coert, MD, PhD^3
1UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; ²Clinical and Translational Sciences, AxoGen Inc, Alachua, FL; ³University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Characterizing Schwann cell transcriptional states in peripheral nerve regeneration with single-cell RNA sequencing
Suresh Mohan, MD¹; Alan Tenney, PhD²; Alon Gelber, BS²; Tessa A Hadlock, MD³; Brandon Pratt, BS²; Nate Jowett, MD³; Thomas Collins, BS²; Elizabeth C Engle, MD^2
1Mass. Eye and Ear/ Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; ²Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; ³Facial Nerve Center - Dept. of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School / Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA

Evaluation of Nerve Regeneration in “Super-Healing” Mice
Scott R. Echternacht, BA¹,²; Jonnby S. LaGuardia, BS²; Dalton T. LaBarge, BA²; Howard N. Langstein, MD¹; Jonathan I. Leckenby, MD, Ph.D.^1
1University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; ²University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY

Long-term Signal Stability of Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces (RPNIs) in Humans With Upper-Limb Amputations
Philip P Vu, PhD¹; Alex K. Vaskov, MSE¹; Scott R. Ensel, MSE¹; Theodore A Kung, MD²; Cynthia A Chestek, PhD³; Paul S Cederna, MD⁴; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD^1
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ²Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ³Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ⁴Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Three-dimensional Histomorphometry of Wetmounted Peripheral Nerve
Iván Coto Hernández, PhD1; Nate Jowett, MD2
1Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA; 2Facial Nerve Center - Dept. of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School / Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA

Normalizing Stimulated Grip Strength Data with Total Body Weight in Rats
Erica Lee, MS¹; Thomas G.W. Harris, MBBS¹; Alison L Wong, MD, MSE, FRCSC¹; Matthew Generoso, BS¹; Sami Tuffaha, MD^2
1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ²Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

Restoring Bladder Function Using Motor and Sensory Nerve Transfers: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study
Benjamin R Johnston, MD, PhD¹; Brian McIntyre, BS²; Michael R Ruggieri, PhD³; Mary F Barbe, PhD³; Justin Brown, MD^4
1Alpert Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; ²Drexel University - Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; ³Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; ⁴Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Radial Nerve Palsy Caused by Lipoma
Matthew Peter Fahrenkopf, MD¹; Matthew E Braza, MD¹; Steven C Naum, MD^2
1Spectrum Health/Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI; ²Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI

Is a Modified Trigeminal Nerve Injury Grading System Necessary?
Michael Miloro, MD, DMD, FACS
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL

Does the Tibial Nerve Anatomy of Rodents Compare to Human?
Elisabeth Maria Brakkee, MD, MSc¹; Erick DeVinney, BS²; J. Henk Coert, MD, PhD^3
1UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; ²Clinical and Translational Sciences, AxoGen Inc, Alachua, FL; ³University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Silk Fibroin-Based Conduits Filled With Native Spider Silk Fibers Successfully Promoted Nerve Regeneration In A 10 Mm Sciatic Nerve Defect In Rats
Lorenz Semmler, MD¹; Flavia Millesi, BSc²; Sonja Wolf, -²; Anda Mann, BSc²; Tamara Weiss, PhD²; Aida Naghilou, PhD²; Eva Györi, MD, PhD²; Christine Radtke, MD^2
1Medical University of Vienna, Bisamberg, Austria; ²Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Comparison of Collagen and Human Amniotic Membrane Nerve Conduits and Wraps for Peripheral Nerve Repair in Preclinical Models : A Systematic Review of the Literature
Erin M. Wolfe, BS; Sydney A. Mathis, BS; Steven A. Ovadia, MD; Zubin J. Panthaki, MD
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL

Shifting the Paradigm: The Case for Standardization of Intercostal Nerve Transfers in Severe Brachial Plexus Injuries
Myron L Rolle, MD¹; Gabriel Friedman, MD¹; Justin Brown, MD^2
1Harvard, Boston, MA; ²Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

The Effectiveness of Pure External Neurolysis on the Treatment of Major Motor Nerve Injuries in the Paediatric Population
Rong R Khaw, MBChB (Hons), MRes Med Sci, MRCSEd; Li Y Yong, MBChB, MSc, MRCS; Pundrique Sharma, FRCS(Plast), MRCS, MBBS(MD) PhD, BSc(Hons)
Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation for Surgical Pain Management in Amputees: Clinical Case Series at an Academic Medical Institution
Brendan J MacKay, MD¹; Cameron Cox, BBA¹; Bradley Osemwengie, BA¹; Joash R Suryavanshi, BA¹; Nancy E Swinford, R.T. (R)(ARRT), CCRC²; Desirae McKee, MD^1
1Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX; ²Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX

Prevalence Of Residual Limb Pain And Symptomatic Neuroma Pain Following Lower Extremity Amputation: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis.
Emile B. List, BSc; David D. Krijgh, MD; Enrico Martin, MD; J. Henk Coert, MD Ph.D.
University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Impact of Nerve Surgery on Opioid and Medication Use in Patients with Nerve Injuries
John M Felder, MD¹; Ivica Ducic, MD, PhD^2
1Washington University, St Louis, MO; ²Washington Nerve Institute, McLean, VA

“Even a little relief must be amazing”: Peer-to-Peer Education on Social Media After Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury
Liz Rolf, BLS¹; Emma Smolev, BA²; Eric Zhu, BA²; Sarah Buday, PhD²; David M Brogan, MD, MSc¹; Christopher J Dy, MD, MPH, FACS^3
1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; ²Washington University, St. Louis, MO; ³Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO

Physician Reimbursement for Pediatric Brachial Plexus Reconstruction
Meghan C McCullough, MD, MS¹; Jordan R Wlodarczyk, MD, MS²; Mitchel Seruya, MD³; Laya Jacob, BS^4
1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; ²LAC/USC Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; ³Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; ⁴University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA

Restoration of Finger Flexion in Children Using Functioning Free Gracilis Transfer
Mohamed Mostafa Kotb, MD
Hand and Recosntructive Microsurgery Unit, Orthopedic Deprtment, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt

Characteristics of MPNSTs with non-Hypermetabolic FDG PET-CT Imaging
Courtney Pendleton, MD¹; Cecilia Fung, BA¹; Robert J. Spinner, MD²; Stephen M Broski, MD^1
1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; ²Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

Chronic Nerve Pain After Burn Injury: An Anatomic Approach to Independent Risk Factors
Kevin M. Klifto, PharmD¹; Pooja S. Yesantharao, MS²; A. Lee Dellon, MD, PhD³; C. Scott Hultman, MD, MBA^2
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; ²Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ³Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

Does Presurgical MRN Predict Neuroma and Surgical Gap Size in Peripheral Trigeminal Nerve Injuries?
John R Zuniga, DMD, MS, PhD; Omar abdelBaky, DDS MD; Yin Xi, MD; Avneesh Chhabra, MD
University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX

Neuropathic Pain Adversely Impacts Quality of Life in Patients with Lower Extremity Amputations
Carrie A Kubiak, MD¹; Jennifer B Hamill, MPH¹; Hyungjin M Kim, ScD¹; Randy S Roth, MD, PhD¹; Melissa J Tinney, MD¹; Paul S Cederna, MD²; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD¹; Michael E Geisser, MD, PhD¹; Theodore A Kung, MD^3
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ²Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; ³Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Economics of Migraine Surgery Compared to Biologic Therapy - a Markov Analysis
Pooja S. Yesantharao, MS¹; Erica Lee, MS¹; Kevin M Klifto, PharmD¹; A. Lee Dellon, MD, PhD²; Sashank K Reddy, MD, PhD³,^4
1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ²Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; ³Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ⁴Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

Nerve Surgery Techniques in Obstetric Patients: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis
Kevin T Rezzadeh, BA¹; Megan Rose Donnelly, BS²; Karen J Noh, BS²; Themistocles Stavros Protopsaltis, MD³; Andrew E. Price, MD⁴; Jacques H. Hacquebord, MD^2
1New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; ²NYU Langone Health, New York, NY; ³NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY; ⁴Brachial Plexus Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY

Patient Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative Complications after Hand Procedures
Kathleen A Marsh, BS¹; Bryant Benjamin, MD¹; Ian R Smithson, MD²; Michael D Wigton, MD²; Tianyi David Luo, MD³; Linda H Chao, MD⁴; Ethan R Wiesler, MD^5
1Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; ²Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC; ³Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC; ⁴Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC; ⁵Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC

Identifying Barriers to Upper Extremity Reconstruction in Tetraplegia: A Scoping Review
Celine Yeung, MSc, MD¹; Sabrin Salim, BSc¹; Ida Fox, MD²; Christine B Novak, PT, PhD³; Jana Dengler, MASc, MD^4
1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²Division of Plastic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; ³Toronto Western Hospital Hand Program, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁴University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation of the Foot for Morton’s Neuroma—An Anatomic Study
Jessica Luo, BS¹; Mark A. Mahan, MD²; Robert Kim, MD¹; Shaun D. Mendenhall, MD¹; Chad Taylor, BS^1
1University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; ²Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT

Minimal Bipolar Use During Anterior Scalenectomy Will Save the Phrenic Nerve
Amgad S Hanna, MD¹; Mark Kraemer, MD^2
1Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; ²University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Roots of the Brachial Plexus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Normative Values
Ryckie George Wade, MBBS MSc MClinEd MRCS FHEA¹; Alexander Whittam, BSc MBChB MRCSEd²; Irvin Teh, BE MBiomedE PhD³; Gustav Andersson, MD PhD⁴; Fang-Cheng Yeh, MD PhD⁵; Mikael Wiberg, MD PhD⁶; Grainne Bourke, MB BCh BAO FRCSI FRCS(Plast)^7
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; ²Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom; ³University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; ⁴Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; ⁵Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; ⁶Umea University, Umea, Sweden; ⁷Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom

Current Trends in Brachial Plexus Surgery: Refining Indications for Exploration of the Supraclavicular Plexus
J. Ryan Hill, MD¹; Steven T Lanier, MD¹; Liz Rolf, BLS²; Aimee S James, PhD MPH²; David M Brogan, MD, MSc²; Christopher J Dy, MD, MPH, FACS^3
1Washington University, St. Louis, MO; ²Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; ³Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO

Epicondylectomy Combined With Local Fat Flap Versus Anterior Nerve Transposition In Surgical Treatment Of Cubital Tunnel
Tarik Mujadzic, MD¹; Charles Gober, MD²; Mirza M Mujadzic, MD³; Abdelaziz Atwez, MD⁴; Elliot Chen, MD¹; Mirsad Mujadzic, MD^1
1University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; ²Augusta University, Augusta,, GA; ³Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; ⁴Prisma Health, Columbia, SC

Meta-analysis of Neuroma Incidence in Lower Limb Amputees
Yongxu J Huang, PhD¹; Patrick Assi, MD²; Brian C Drolet, MD²; Salam Kassis, MD²; Galen Perdikis, MD²; Wesley P. Thayer, MD, PhD^2
1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; ²Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Evaluation of Cold Sensitivity in Patients with Upper Extremity Nerve Compression Syndromes: A Scoping Review
Moaath Saggaf, MD¹; Evangelista Vianca Jeunice, HBSc²; Christine B Novak, PT, PhD³; Dimitri J Anastakis, MD^4
1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³Toronto Western Hospital Hand Program, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁴Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Outcomes after Long Gap Allograft Reconstruction in the Upper and Lower Extremities
Brendan J MacKay, MD¹; Cameron Cox, BBA¹; Joash R Suryavanshi, BA¹; Bradley Osemwengie, BA¹; Nancy E Swinford, R.T. (R)(ARRT), CCRC²; Matthew Blue, MD¹; Desirae McKee, MD^1
1Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX; ²Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX

“More snake oil, I fear”: The Promotion of Alternative Treatment Modalities to BPI Patients Through Facebook by Lay Members and Covert Sale Methods
Eric Zhu, BA; Liz Rolf, BLS; Emma Smolev, BA; David M Brogan, MD, MSc; Christopher J Dy, MD, MPH, FACS
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

Intraneural Synovial Sarcoma of the Median Nerve in a 15-Year-Old Male: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Joshua F Scarcella, BS; Arthur Samia, BS; Richard Zeri, MD; Yifan Guo, MD
Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC

Optimizing Outcomes After Nerve Transfer in a Global Pandemic
Jana Dengler, MASc, MD¹; Kelly Bishop, MScOT, OT Reg. (Ont)²; Christine B Novak, PT, PhD^3
1University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³Toronto Western Hospital Hand Program, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Treatment of Bilateral Abdominal Wall Neuroma-in-Continuity Due to Kiteboarding Injury with Processed Nerve Allografts
Jenna Rose Stoehr, B.A.¹; Ava G Chappell, MD¹; Gregory A Dumanian, MD^2
1Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; ²Northwestern University, Chicago, IL

‘Winged’ Eagle’s Syndrome – a Rare Cause of Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy
Kitty Wu, MD¹; Douglas C Ross, MD MEd FRCSC²; Fawaz Siddiqi, MD MBA FRCSC³; Thomas Miller, MD FRCPC³; John Yoo, MD FRCSC^3
1Roth McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, London, ON, Canada; ²Roth | McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Division of Plastic Surgery, The Peripheral Nerve Clinic, London, ON, Canada; ³Western University, London, ON, Canada

Evidence-Based Patient Selection in Headache Surgery: The Impact of Preoperative RFA Treatment on Surgical Outcomes
Lisa Gfrerer, MD, Ph.D.¹; Maria Casari, MD²; Christian Chartier, NA²; William G. Austen Jr, MD^3
1Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; ²Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; ³Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

Incidental Findings Associated with Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brachial Plexus
Antonia R Perumal,¹; Ugonna Angel Anyamele,¹; Rayna K Bhogal,¹; Gordon McCauley, MBBS¹; Irvin Teh, BE MBiomedE PhD¹; Grainne Bourke, MB BCh BAO FRCSI FRCS(Plast)²; James J Rankine, MBChB MRCP MRad FRCR MD³; Ryckie George Wade, MBBS MSc MClinEd MRCS FHEA^4
1University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; ²Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; ³Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom; ⁴Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Early Experiences and Challenges of Implementing the Sup-ER Splint Protocol for Infants with Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Emily S. Ho, PhD, MEd, OT Reg. (Ont)¹; Alison Anthony, BScPT²; Karen Klar, BScPT²; Sevan Hopyan, MD, PhD¹; Howard M. Clarke, MD, PhD, FRCS(C)³; Kristen M Davidge, MD, MSc, FRCS(C)^3
1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

Peroneal Nerve Injury: A Modern Evidence-Based Treatment Algorithm for 2021
Laura E Bashour, MS¹; Helen Schafer, MS¹; Umer Khan, BSc¹; Derek Yan, BSA¹; Carl Nunziato, MD²; Brian P Kelley, MD³; Jason M. Souza, MD⁴; Brent M Egeland, MD^5
1Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; ²University of Texas Dell Medical School, Austin, TX; ³Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Austin, TX; ⁴Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; ⁵Section of Plastic Surgery, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, MI

Preoperative Diagnosis and Management of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: How Does It Vary and What Does It Cost?
Corey C Spencer, BS¹; Devin Collins, MD²; Paul T Greenfield, BS¹; Alexander M Dawes, BS¹; Michael Gottschalk, MD³; Eric Wagner, MD¹; Charles Andrew Daly, MD^1
1Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ²Hughston Clinic, Columbus, GA; ³Orthopedic Surgery, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA

Features of the Ulnar Nerve Predicting Postoperative Prognosis in Idiopathic Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Soo-Min Cha, MD
Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)

Robotic Assisted Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction
Lisa Wen-Yu Chen, MD
Chang Gang Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Children’s Understanding of Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
M Goldsand, MSc OT (C)¹; Kathleen Lai, MSc OT (C)¹; Kristen M Davidge, MD, MSc²; Emily S Ho, PhD, MEd, OT. Reg (Ont)^2
1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

The Workup and Conservative Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: How Much Does it Cost?
Corey C Spencer, BS¹; Paul T Greenfield, BS¹; Alexander M Dawes, BS¹; Eric Wagner, MD¹; Michael Gottschalk, MD²; Charles Andrew Daly, MD^1
1Emory University, Atlanta, GA; ²Orthopedic Surgery, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA

An Algorithm for the Prevention and Treatment of Pain Complications of the Radial Forearm Free Flap Donor Site
Nicholas A Calotta, MD¹; Akash Chandawarkar, MD²; Shaun Desai, MD¹; A. Lee Dellon, MD, PhD^3
1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ²Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ³Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

Abductor Digiti Minimi (ADM) and Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN) to Ulnar Motor Nerve (UMN) transfer: The “Double SETS” transfer
Blair Robert Peters, MD¹,²; Lauren Jacobson, MD³; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD^4
1Department of Surgery/Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; ²Department of Surgery/Section of Plastic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; ³Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO; ⁴Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

The Geometry of the Roots of the Brachial Plexus
Emily Rose Bligh, BSc (Hons)¹; Ryckie G Wade, MBBS MClinEd MRCS FHEA²; Kieran Nar, MEng¹; Rebecca S Stone, BSc MSc²; David J Roberts, BSc PhD²; Irvin Teh, BE MBiomedE PhD²; Grainne Bourke, MB BCh BAO FRCSI FRCS(Plast)^3
1University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; ²University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; ³Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom

Treatment of Neuroma Pain with Processed Nerve Allografts Via Translocation or Reconstruction.
Genevieve M Rambau, MD¹; Christian Victoria, MPH¹; Steve K. Lee, MD^2
1Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY; ²Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY

Incidence and Nerve Distribution of Symptomatic Neuromas and Phantom Limb Pain After Below-Knee Amputation
Brian L Chang, MD¹; Josh Mondshine, BS¹; Christopher E. Attinger, MD²; Grant M. Kleiber, MD^3
1Georgetown University, Washington, DC; ²Plastic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; ³Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC

Primary Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in Above-Knee Amputations in Patients with Limb-Threatening Ischemia or Infection
Brian L Chang, MD¹; Josh Mondshine, BS¹; Christopher E. Attinger, MD²; Grant M. Kleiber, MD^3
1Georgetown University, Washington, DC; ²Plastic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; ³Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC

Gradual Nerve Elongation Under Tension to Achieve Direct, Large Gap Repair
Stanley Bazarek, MD, PhD¹; Justin M Brown, MD^2
1Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; ²Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Prospective, Peripheral Nerve Surgical Approach to Treat Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis
Megan Gornet, MD¹; Akash Chandawarkar, MD¹; Amin Herati, MD¹; A. Lee Dellon, MD, PhD^2
1Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; ²Johns Hopkins University, Towson, MD

Chronic Neuropathic Pain After Breast Cancer Related Surgery: A Systematic Review of Treatment Outcomes
Ava G Chappell, MD¹; Selcen Yuksel, BS²; Daniel C Sasson, BA²; Annie B Wescott, ML²; Lauren M Mioton, MD²; Marco F Ellis, MD^3
1Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; ²Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; ³Northwestern Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

Proximal Compression Of The Median Nerve In The Elbow. A Common But Underdiagnosed And Undermanaged Condition
Constantinos Kritiotis, MD
Iasis Private Hospital, Paphos, Cyprus

Optimization of Brachialis to AIN Nerve Transfer for Recovery of Finger Flexion in Tetraplegia
Stanley Bazarek, MD, PhD¹; Justin M Brown, MD^2
1Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; ²Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Ultrasound Identification of Common Peroneal Nerve in Order to Quickly Identify the Nerve for Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in the Lower Extremity: A Technique for Reducing Surgical Time
Rex W Hung, MD¹; Kevin G. Kim, BS²; Paige K. Dekker, BA²; Ali A Turabi, MD^3
1Plastic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; ²MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; ³MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD

The Phrenic Nerve Transfer In The Treatment Of A Septuagenarian With Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury: A Case Report
Jie Lao, MD
Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China