8:50 am - 8:58 am	PN1. Brief Electrical Stimulation Enhances Axon Regeneration through a Nerve Graft Kevin Zuo, MD1; Golsa Shafa, BSc2; Kira Antonyshyn, BSc1; Katelyn Chan, B.Eng BioSci3; Tessa Gordon, PhD4; Gregory H. Borschel, MD3 1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 4Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
8:58 am - 9:04 am	PN2. How Long Does Muscle Reinnervation Take? Results Of Long Term Follow Up After Distal Nerve Transfers Julie C Beveridge, MD1; Jaret Olson, MD2; Michael J Morhart, MD, M.Sc2; K. Ming Chan, MD3 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 3Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
9:04 am - 9:14 am	PN3. Evaluation for Late Nerve Transfer Surgery: Predicting the Degree of Lower Motor Neuron Injury in SCI Nirbhay S. Jain, BS1; Elspeth Hill, MD2; Dan A. Hunter, RA2; Craig Zaidman, MD3; Carie Kennedy, BS4; Christine B. Novak, PT, PhD5; Neringa Juknis, MD6; Rimma Ruvinskaya, MD4; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD1; Ida K. Fox, MD1 1Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 2Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 3Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Neurology, St. Louis, MO, 4Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 5Hand & Upper Extremity Program, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 6Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
9:14 am - 9:22 am	PN4. Sensory Recovery Following Delayed Median Nerve Reconstruction at the Wrist Level Ke Nan Huang, MD; Jenny C. Lin, MD, PhD University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
9:22 am - 9:30 am	PN5. Evaluation of Intrinsic Hand Musculature Reinnervation Following Supercharged End-to-Side Anterior Interosseous to Ulnar Motor Nerve Transfer Zach Zhang, MD1; Linden Kyle Head, MD, HBA, BSc, BPHE2; Katie Hicks, BSc2; Gerald Wolff, BSc, MD, FRCSC2; Kirsty Usher Boyd, BHSc, MD, FRCSC2 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
9:30 am - 9:38 am	PN6. Stimulated Grip Strength Measurement: Validation of a Novel Method for Functional Assessment Philip J Hanwright, MD1; Jennifer Rath, BS2; Nicholas von Guionneau, MBBS1; Thomas G.W. Harris, BSc1; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD3; W.P. Andrew Lee, MD1; Ahmet Hoke, MD PhD1; Paul S. Cederna, MD4; Sami H. Tuffaha, MD5 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 2Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Buffalo, MD, 3University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 4Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 5Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
9:38 am - 9:46 am	PN7. Do Distal AIN to Ulnar Nerve Transfers Affect Forearm Prosupination Strength? Emily C Liu, MD, FRCSC1; Douglas C Ross, MD MEd FRCSC2; Christopher Doherty, MD, FRCSC1; TA Miller, MD1 1Western University, London, ON, Canada, 2The Peripheral Nerve Clinic, London, ON, Canada

8:50 am - 8:58 am	PN8. The Effect Of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanoparticle On Nerve Revascularization And Functional Recovery After Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury In Rats Jong Woong Park, Professor, MD, PhD; Ji Hun PARK, MD Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South)
8:58 am - 9:04 am	PN9. VEGF-Receptor Inhibitor Impedes Macrophage Function At The End Target Muscle After Nerve Injury Johnny Chuieng - Yi Lu, MD1,2; Katherine Bernadette Santosa, MD, MS3,4; Albina Jablonka-Shariff, PhD5; Alison K. Snyder-Warwick, MD3 1Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 2Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 3Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 4University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 5Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO
9:04 am - 9:14 am	PN 10. MRI Evaluation of Nerve Root Avulsion in Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy, Understanding the Presence of Isolated Dorsal/Ventral Rootlet Disruption Brandon W Smith, MD, MS; Hemant Parmar, MD; Kate Wan-Chu Chang, MA, MS; Lynda Yang, MD, PhD University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
9:14 am - 9:22 am	PN 11. Markers of Spontaneous Recovery Versus Surgical Intervention In Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) Erin L Weber, MD, PhD; Mitchel Seruya, MD University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
9:22 am - 9:30 am	PN12. Comparison of Tests of Sensory Outcome After Nerve Injury in Children Emily S. Ho, BSc OT Reg (Ont), MEd1; Kristen M Davidge, MD, MSc, FRCS(C)1; Gregory H. Borschel, MD, FAAP, FACS2; Howard M. Clarke, MD, PhD, FRCS(C)3 1The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
9:30 am - 9:38 am	PN13. Sport and Recreation Related Peripheral Nerve Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency Departments Neill Yun Li, MD1; Gabriel Onor, BS1; Nicholas J. Lemme, BS2; Christopher J Got, MD3 1Brown University, Providence, RI, 2Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
9:38 am - 9:46 am	PN14. Macrophages Regulate Schwann Cell Maturation Following Nerve Injury Rajiv Midha, MD, MSc, FRCS(C); Jo Stratton, PhD; Alexandra Holmes, BSc; Jeff Biernaskie, PhD University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

10:30 am - 10:32 am	HS 80. A Biomechanical Analysis of Partial Extensor Tendon Lacerations >50% in Zone V: Is Surgical Intervention Necessary? Deana Mercer, MD1; Darielys Mejias-Morales, BS2; Christina Salas, PhD2; Jasmin Regalado, MS2; Patrick Gilligan, MD2; Jeremiah Johnson, MD2; Lauren Long, BS2 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 2University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
10:32 am - 10:34 am	HS 81. Biomechanical Analysis of Extensor Indicis Proprius versus Abductor Digiti Minimi Tendon Transfers for Restoration of Thumb Opposition Kyle Gabrick, MD1; David Tsai, MD2; Scott Persing, MD2; Rajiv Iyengar, MD3; Marc E. Walker, MD, MBA4; John Smetona, MD2; Ean Saberski, MD2; James E Clune, MD3; Michael Alperovich, MD, MSc3; Douglas van Citters, Ph.D.5; Michael Matthew, MD6 1Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine,, New Haven, CT, 2Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 3Yale University, New Haven, CT, 4Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 5Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 6Plastic Surgery, Dartmouth University, Lebanon, NH
10:34 am - 10:36 am	HS 82. The Lasso Procedures For Intrinsic Minus Fingertip: A Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Study Toshiyasu Nakamura, MD, PhD1; Yusaku Kamata, MD2; Mitsunori Tada, MD, PhD3; Takeo Nagura, MD, PhD2 1International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan, 2Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, 3National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Digital Human Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
10:36 am - 10:38 am	HS 83. Comparison of Outcome Of Intra Synovial vs Extra Synovial Ultrasound Guided Injection In Trigger Finger Mohini Rawat, DPT, ECS, OCS, RMSK1; Eitan Melamed, MD1; Mukund Patel, MD1; Vilok Desai, MD2 1NYU Langone Hand surgery Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY; 2Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
10:38 am - 10:40 am	HS 84. Differential Pulley Release in Trigger Finger: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Robin Wu, BS1; Yuen Jong Liu, MD2; Peter Hetzler, BS2; John Smetona, MD2; Scott Persing, MD2; J. Grant Thomson, MD3 1Section of Plastic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 2Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 3Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
10:40 am - 10:42 am	HS 85. Cost Effective Measures for Moving Trigger Finger Release from the Operating Room to an Office-Based Practice BaiJing Qin, MD University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
10:42 am - 10:50 am	Panel Discussion
10:50 am - 10:52 am	HS 86. The Semilunar Pulley Orthosis (SPOrt) Decreases Flexor Tendon-Phalanx Distance In Climbers With Chronic A2 Pulley Ruptures Kate D. Bellevue, MD1; Christopher H. Allan, MD2; Nelson Hager, MS, MD3; Winston J. Warme, MD1 1University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, 2Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 3F. Edward Hebert Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
10:52 am - 10:54 am	HS 87. Our Initial Experience with the PONTiS Tendon Repair System In Traumatic Upper Extremity Injuries Karan Desai, MD; Daniel Maxwell, DO; Robert Fang, MD; Diane Payne, MD; Angela Cheng, MD Emory University, Atlanta, GA
10:54 am - 10:56 am	HS 88. Beyond Adding The Cord Suture: An Entirely New Approach to Tendon Repair Weifeng Zeng, MD; Ruston J Sanchez, MD; Samuel O. Poore, MD, PhD; Aaron M. Dingle, PhD University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI
10:56 am - 10:58 am	HS 89. Pediatric Flexor Tendon Repair Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Minh NQ Huynh, BSc; Aneesh Karir, BHSc University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
10:58 am - 11:00 am	HS 90. A Hand Based Dorsal Blocking Orthosis for Zone II Flexor Tendon Repairs: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Materi Miranda, OTD, CHT1; Cynthia Ivy, OTD, OTR/L, M.Ed., CHT2; Lucas Richer, OTS2; Melissa Frazier, OTD, OTR/L3; Maggie Miller, OTS2 1Northern Arizona University, Gilbert, AZ, 2Northern Arizona University, Phoenix, AZ, 3Hand Therapy Parnters, Mesa, AZ
11:00 am - 11:02 am	HS 91. Dupuytren PIP Joint Contractures Treated with Supplemental Botulinum Toxin to the Flexor Digitorum Sublimis Muscle Keith Denkler, MD Divsion of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Private Practice in Larkspur, CA
11:02 am - 11:10 am	Panel Discussion
11:10 am - 11:12 am	HS 92. Additional Treatment after Collagenase Injections and Needle Fasciotomy for Dupuytren's Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study Denise Arnold, BA1; Jonathan Lans, MD1; Ritsaart F Westenberg, MD2; Philip E. Blazar, MD3; Neal C Chen, MD2 1Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
11:12 am - 11:14 am	HS 93. Cleft Hand/Foot Toe-to-Hand Transfer: A Review of 18 Transfers in 14 Patients Erin M Taylor, MD1,2; Joseph Upton, MD2,3 1Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 2Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, 3Department of Plastic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
11:14 am - 11:16 am	HS 94. Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation of the Elbow Joint: A Cadaveric Study Mitchell A Pet, MD1; Angelo B Lipira, MD2; Yusha Liu, MD3; Dennis Kao, MD3; Jason H Ko, MD4 1Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 2Plastic Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, 3University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 4Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
11:16 am - 11:18 am	HS 95. Clinical, Radiographic, and Patient Reported Outcomes of the Medial Femoral Trochlea Osteochondral Free Flap for Lunate Reconstruction in Advanced Kienbock's Disease Mitchell A Pet, MD1; Patrick E Assi, MD1; Aviram M Giladi, MD, MS2; James P Higgins, MD2 1Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 2The Curtis National Hand Center, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD
11:18 am - 11:20 am	HS 96. Vascularized Olecranon Bone Graft: An anatomical study and novel technique Kai J Yang, MD1; Lucas M Boehm, MD2; David Rivedal, MD2; Ji-Geng Yan, MD, PhD2; Hani Matloub, MD3 1Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 2Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, 3Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
11:20 am - 11:22 am	HS 97. Arterialized Venous Free Flaps with Shunt Restriction for Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Hand and Digits John T Heineman, MD, MPH; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Andrei Odobescu, MD, CM University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
11:22 am - 11:30 am	Panel Discussion

10:30 am - 10:32 am	HS98. Early Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Does Not Increase Complications After Upper Extremity Amputation Sarah Pierrie, MD1; Glenn Gaston, MD2; Bryan Loeffler, MD2 1Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 2OrthoCarolina Hand Center, Charlotte, NC
10:32 am - 10:34 am	HS99. Assessment of Amplitude Is Critical In Determining The Severity Of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Hollie A. Power, MD1; Ketan Sharma, MD, MPH1; Madi El Haj, MD MSc1; Amy M. Moore, MD1; J. Megan M. Patterson, MD2; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD1 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 2Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
10:34 am - 10:36 am	HS100. Rates of Revision Surgery Following In Situ Decompression versus Anterior Transposition for the Treatment of Idiopathic Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Jack G Graham, BS; The Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA; Asif Ilyas, MD Orthopaedics, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
10:36 am - 10:38 am	HS101. Patterns of Ulnar Nerve Arborization in the Palm: Clinical Implications for Nerve Decompression in the Hand and Wrist Svenna HWL Verhiel, MD1; Daphne van Hooven, BSc1; Rohit Garg, MD1; Rachel EW Gottlieb, BSc1; Marco JPF Ritt, MD, PhD2; Neal C Chen, MD3; Kyle R Eberlin, MD1 1Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard University, Boston, MA, 2VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 3Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
10:38 am - 10:40 am	HS 102. WITHDRAWN
10:40 am - 10:45 am	Panel Discussion
10:45 am - 10:47 am	HS103. Ultrasound Guided Carpal Tunnel Release: Initial Results Sam Chen, MD1; Michael Kenji Yamazaki, MD1; Edward J Weldon, BS2 1Straub Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, 2Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
10:47 am - 10:49 am	HS104. The Critical Portions Of Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Comparison Between Opinions Of Surgeons And The General Public Tyler S. Pidgeon, MD1; Alexander Lauder, MD1; Betty C. Tong, MD1; Marc J. Richard, MD1; Suhail K. Mithani, MD2 1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
10:49 am - 10:51 am	HS105. Factors Associated with Failed Ulnar Nerve Fasicle to Biceps Motor Branch Transfer: A Case Control Study Andrew J Lovy, MD, MS; Nicholas Pulos, MD; Michelle Faupel, RN; Robert J. Spinner, MD; Allen Bishop, MD; Alexander Y. Shin, MD Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
10:51 am - 10:53 am	HS106. Outcomes Following Treatment in Pediatric Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Kevin Little, MD; Ann R Schwentker, MD; Elizabeth A Lax, MD; Alex Balboa, BS; Kendra Eckstein, BS Cincinnati Children's Hospital/University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
10:53 am - 10:55 am	HS107. Outcomes of Elbow Flexion Reconstruction in Patients Over 50 with Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury Joshua A Gillis, MD, BSc1; Joseph S Khouri, MD, BSc1; Michelle Faupel, RN1; Robert J. Spinner, MD2; Allen Bishop, MD3; Alexander Y. Shin, MD4 1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Hand Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 4Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
10:55 am - 11:00 am	Panel Discussion Concurrent AAHS/ASPN Scientific Abstract Session VI Moderators: Jonathan Isaacs, MD; Shelly S. Noland, MD
11:00 am - 11:08 am	PN108. Median Nerve Compression in The Forearm Is A Clinical Diagnosis. Outcome of Step Lengthening Surgical Technique Madi El Haj, MD MSc1; Wei Ding, MD1; J. Megan M. Patterson, MD2; Christine B Novak, PT, PhD3; Lorna Kahn, PT CHT1; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD1 1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; 2University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; 3University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
11:08 am - 11:16 am	PN109. Intra-Operative Electrical Stimulation Using a Commercial Stimulator Improves Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats Sally Jo, BS; Deng Pan, BS; Alexandra E Halevi, MD; Xueping Ee, MD; Daniel A. Hunter, RA1; Lauren Schellhardt, BS; Alison K. Snyder-Warwick, MD; Amy M. Moore, MD; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD; Matthew Wood, PhD Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
11:16 am - 11:24 am	PN110. Sensory and Bimanual Hand Function after Distal Nerve Transfers in the Upper Trunk Neonatal Brachial Plexus Injury Population Kathleen M O'Grady, BScOT MSC; K. Ming Chan, MD; Michael Morhart, MD; Joe Watt, MD; Jaret Olson, MD University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
11:24 am - 11:32 am	PN111. Submuscular Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve for Persistent or Recurrent Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Results of a Prospective Case Series Zoë Buijnsters, MD; Godard De Ruiter, MD Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, Netherlands

There are many new innovations to the care of lower extremity nerve injury. This panel will discuss new approaches to nerve trauma and compression to the lower extremity. It will discuss novel nerve transfers for lower extremity injuries. It will also address areas of compression in the lower extremity and how to approach these entrapments.

Objectives: Following this session, the participant will be able to:

1. Improve their understanding of the anatomy of nerves at risk of trauma in the lower extremity.
2. Discuss the surgical approach to nerves in the lower extremity.
3. Identify surgical options to lower extremity nerve injuries including nerve transfers and novel decompression.

P1.	Managing Chronic Knee Pain Using Selective Denervation Guided By High-Resolution Nerve Ultrasound - Treatment Algorithm and Typical Clinical Cases Veith Moser, MD1; Andreas Gohritz, MD2; Dirk J Schaefer, MD3 1Trauma Hospital, Vienna, Australia; 2Swiss Paraplegia Center, Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland; 3University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
P2.	Transgenic Schwann cells expressing c-Jun promote an “immature” SC phenotype and support robust PC12 neurite outgrowth Xueping Ee, MD; Lauren Schellhardt, BS; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD; Matthew Wood, PhD Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
P3.	Exploratory Study of the Central Nervous System Response in Facial Synkinesis after Bell’s Palsy Natalie Ann Krane, MD; Alexander Stevens, PhD; Matthew Hill, MS; Myriam D Loyo, MD; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
P4.	An Automated Peripheral Nerve Image Analysis Protocol For Axon And Myelin Sheath Determination And Evaluation Wiktor Paskal, MD1; Michal Kopka, Medical Student1,2; Adriana M. Paskal, MD1; Piotr Pietruski, MD, PhD3; Pawel K. Wlodarski, MD, PhD1 1Department of Research Methodology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 2Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 3Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
P5.	Salvaging a Missed Opportunity: The Inverted Free Functional Gracilis Muscle Transfer for Restoration of Elbow Flexion Following an Upper Trunk Injury Sean M. Wade, MD; Leon J. Nesti, MD; Robert T. Howard, MD; Matthew E. Miller, MD; Jonathan K. Smith, MD; Jason M. Souza, MD Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
P6.	Incidence of Surgically-Treated Adult Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury in the United States Christopher Dy, BS, MPH, MD; Kate Peacock, BS; Margaret A Olsen, PhD, MPH; Wilson Z Ray, MD; David M Brogan, MD, MSc Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
P7.	Assessing The Effects Of Commonly Used Surgical Antiseptics and Time Delays on RNA Concentration and Integrity from Peripheral Nerve Samples Matthew B Wilcox, BSc (Hons)1; Tom J Quick, MBBS MA(Cantab) FRCS(Tr&Orth)2; James B Phillips, BSc (Hons), PhD1 1University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom
P8.	20 mm Autografts Supplemented with Autologous Adipose Tissue Enhances Functional Recovery Following Nerve Injury Nathan G Lawera, BSE; Carrie A Kubiak, MD; Scott W Sabbagh, BS; Vincent Thieu, BSE; Maninder Singh, BSE; Vidhya Nadarajan, BS; Allison B Vittert, BSE; William Y Wang, BS; Jana D Moon, BS; Zachary P French, BSE; Brendon M Baker, PhD; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD; Paul S Cederna, MD University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
P9.	Nerve Graft in Mixed Peripheral and Sensory Nerve Injuries of the Upper Extremity: National Analysis of Trends and Outcomes between 2002 and 2014 Neill Yun Li, MD; Justin E Kleiner, BS; Christopher J. Got, MD Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
P10.	Treatment of Neuroma-induced Chronic Pain and Management of Subsequent Defect with Processed Nerve Allografts Ivica Ducic, MD, PhD1; Erick DeVinney, BS2; Joshua Yoon, MD3 1Washington Nerve Institute, McLean, VA, 2AxoGen, Alachua, FL, 3The George Washington University, Washington, DC
P11.	Acetyl-L-carnitine to Enhance Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; A Randomized Control Trial Matthew WT Curran, MD, MSc1; Akiko Hachisuka, MD, PhD.2; Michael J Morhart, MD, M.Sc3; Jaret Olson, MD3; K. Ming Chan, MD4 1Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 3Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 4Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
P12.	Low- Grade Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Mimicking a Schwannoma: The Role and Importance of Trimethylated H3K27M Staining Hannah Gilder, MD; Ross Puffer, MD; Robert J. Spinner, MD; Aditya Raghunathan, MD, MPH; Mohamad Bydon, MD Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
P13.	Joint Denervation to Manage Painful Wrist and Trapezio-Metacarpal Arthritis in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Andreas Gohritz, MD Swiss Paraplegia Center, Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland
P14.	Endoscopic Nerve Decompression In The Lower Extremity: Limiting Incisional Morbidity Chris Devulapalli, MD; Kenneth Fan, MD; Grant M Kleiber, MD Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
P15.	Pain Prevalence in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury Kristen M Davidge, MD, MSc, FRCS(C); Emily S. Ho, BSc OT Reg (Ont), MEd; Jenna Belitzky, BSc; Karen Klar, BScPT; Lisa A Isaac, MD, FRCPC; Jennifer Stinson, PhD; Howard M. Clarke, MD, PhD, FRCS(C) The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
P16.	Comparing Changes in Pain, Quality of Life, and Depression as Predictors of Post-Nerve Surgery Success Kartemus Heary, BS1; Madeline Rose Thompson, BA1; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD2; Katherine Santosa, MD, MS3; Victoria Kaskutas, MHS, OTD4; Benjamin A. Philip, PhD1 1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 2Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 3Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 4Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
P17.	Corneal Neurotization Decreases Corneal Epithelial Breakdown And Scarring In A Rat Model Of Neurotrophic Keratopathy Joseph Catapano, MD1; Kira Antonyshyn, BSc1; Tessa Gordon, PhD2; Gregory H. Borschel, MD3 1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2University of Alberta, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
P18.	Bidirectional Signal Transduction with the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface Carrie A Kubiak, MD; Daniel Ursu, PhD; Jana D Moon, BS; Parag C Patil, MD, PhD; Theodore A Kung, MD; Paul S Cederna, MD; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
P19.	Polyethylene Glycol and FK-506 in Nerve Injury Treatment Adriana M. Paskal, MD1,2; Wiktor Paskal, MD1,2; Piotr Pietruski, MD, PhD3,4; Zofia Kusmierczyk, PharmD2; Ewa Jankowska - Steifer, PhD5; Jaroslaw Andrychowski, MD, PhD6; Pawel K. Wlodarski, MD, PhD1 1Department of Research Methodology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 2Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 3Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland, 4Department of Applied Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 5Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 6Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
P20.	Neuropathic Pain Hypersensitivity From Terminal Neuromas is Sexually Dimorphic in Rats Shelby Svientek, MD; Jason L. Kessler, BSc; Carrie A. Kubiak, MD; Scott W. Sabbagh, BS; Vincent Thieu, BSE; Brian P. Cleary, BS; Theodore A. Kung, MD; Paul S. Cederna, MD; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

The opioid epidemic has had devastating consequences and health care providers are squeezed in the center of this crisis. How do you manage pain yet not contribute to the epidemic. This panel plans to provide information to help providers better navigate the changing landscape of pain management, providing up to the date evidence on pain management strategies, information on the regulatory concerns and strategies on how to be the best provider to patients in pain.

Objectives: Following this session, the participant will be able to:

1. Discuss the magnitude of the opioid epidemic.
2. Identify a non-opioid treatment strategy for pain management.
3. Incorporate alternative pain management strategies into one's practice.

11:00 am - 11:05 am	AAHS 1. Diagnostic Accuracy of Nerve Conduction Studies in Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Anthony Montanez, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; John R. Fowler, MD; Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
11:05 am - 11:10 am	AAHS 2. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation at the Time of Amputation Reduces Pain Severity in Upper Extremity Amputations Andrew L. O'Brien, MD, MPH1; Sumanas Jordan, MD, PhD1; Jason Hehr, MD1; Julie M West, PA-C2; Steven Schulz, MD1; Gregory A. Dumanian, MD, FACS3; Ian L. Valerio, MD, MS, MBA4 1Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 2The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 3Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 4Department of Plastic Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
11:10 am - 11:20 am	Discussion
11:20 am - 11:25 am	ASPN 1. Delay alters the immune response to nerve repair Masoud Golshadi, PhD1; Jennifer K. Grenier, PhD1; Michael G. Edwards, PhD2; Jonathan Cheetham, VetMB, PhD, DACVS1 1Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 2Bioinfo Solutions LLC, Parker, CO
11:25 am - 11:30 am	ASPN 2. Decoding Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface Signals Contributes to Dexterous Fine Motor Control Carrie A Kubiak, MD1, Philip Vu, MSE1, Zachary T Irwin, PhD1, Alex K Vaskov, BSc2, Chrono Nu, BSc 1, Deanna Gates, PhD1, Richard B. Gillespie, PhD3, Theodore A Kung, MD4, Paul S Cederna, MD1, Cynthia Chestek, PhD; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD1 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 3Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 4Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
11:30 am - 11:40 am	Discussion
11:40 am - 11:45 am	ASRM 1. Outstanding Papers Restoration of Spinopelvic Continuity with the Free Fibula Flap after Limb-Sparing Oncologic Resection Stefanos Boukovalas, MD1; Margaret S. Roubaud, MD2; Carrie K. Chu, MD2; Justin E. Bird, MD3; Valerie O. Lewis, MD4; Laurence D. Rhines, MD5; Ed Chang, MD3; David M Adelman, MD, PhD3; Matthew M. Hanasono, MD3; Alexander F. Mericli, MD2 1The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 2University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 3The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 5Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
11:45 am - 11:50 am	ASRM 2. Outstanding Papers Utility of Preoperative Imaging in Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction - a Randomized Controlled Trial Kathryn J Sawa, BMSc, MD, FRCSC1; Snell J Laura, MD, MSc, FRCSC2; Catherine McMillan, BSc, MSc1; Robyn Pugash, MD, FRCPC1; Elizabeth N David, MD, FRCPC1; Sarah E Appleton, MD, MSc, FRCSC1; Elizabeth C Matheson, BScKin, BScPA, CCPA1; Alanna Rigoban, BSc, MSc1; Lipa E Joan, MD, MSc, FRCSC, FACS2 1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
11:50 am - 12:00 pm	Discussion

1:15 pm - 1:23 pm	PN15. Peripheral Nerve Regeneration through Long (30 + 40 mm) Autografts is Enhanced by Supplementation of Autologous Unpurified Adipose Tissue Nathan G Lawera, BSE; Brian P Cleary, BS; Carrie A Kubiak, MD; Scott W Sabbagh, BS; Vincent Thieu, BSE; Zachary P French, BSE; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD; Paul S Cederna, MD; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
1:23 pm - 1:31 pm	PN16. A Low-Cost, Wirelessly Powered Implantable Microcontroller for Neural Stimulation Jacqueline J Greene, MD1; Diego L. Guarin, Ph.D2; Christopher J. Knox, BSc3; Tessa A. Hadlock, MD4; Nate Jowett, MD4 1Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary / Harvard University, Boston, MA, 2Harvard University, Boston, MA, 3Facial Nerve Center - Dept. of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, 4Facial Nerve Center - Dept. of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School / Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA
1:31 pm - 1:39 pm	PN17. The Natural History Of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome In Diabetic Patients Willem D. Rinkel, MD1,2; Erwin Birnie, PhD1; Manuel Castro Cabezas, MD, PhD1; J Henk Coert, MD, PhD2 1Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
1:39 pm - 1:47 pm	PN18. Chronic Evaluation Of Nerves Transposed Into Bone With An Osseointegrated Neural Interface For Prosthetic Control Aaron M. Dingle, PhD1; Jared P Ness, MS2; Joseph Novello, MS2; Weifeng Zeng, MD3; Brett Nemke, BS4; Yan Lu, MD2; Mark D Markel, DVM, PhD2; Aaron J Suminski, PhD2; Justin C. Williams, PhD5; Samuel O. Poore, MD, PhD6 1Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 2University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 3University of Wisconsin - Madison, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Madison, WI, 4University Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 5University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 6University of Madison, Madison, WI
1:47 pm - 1:55 pm	PN19. Surgery for Symptomatic Neuroma: Anatomic Distribution and Predictors of Secondary Surgery Niek Wolvetang, MD; Jonathan Lans, MD; Svenna Verhiel, MD; Bo Josephina Wilhelmus Notermans, MD; Neal C Chen, MD; Kyle R Eberlin, MD Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
1:55 pm - 2:03 pm	PN20. Local FK506 Delivery Enhances Nerve Regeneration and Functional Recovery Following Chronic Axotomy Kasra Tajdaran, MASc, PhD1,2; Katelyn Chan, B.Eng BioSci1,2; Molly Shoichet, PhD2; Tessa Gordon, PhD, DSc3; Gregory H. Borschel, MD, FAAP, FACS1,2 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
2:03 pm - 2:11 pm	PN21. Muscle Stimulation for Natural Torque Feedback through the Agonist-antagonist Myoneural Interface (AMI) Tyler R Clites, Ph.D.1; Matthew J. Carty, MD2; Matthew E Carney, M.S.1; Shriya S Srinivasan, BS1; Hugh Herr, PhD1 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
2:11 pm - 2:19 pm	PN22. Developing a Fraction Anisotropy Cutoff Value to Diagnose Recovery in Peripheral Nerve Injury Angel F. Farinas, MD; Isaac V Manzanera Esteve, PhD; Nancy Cardwell, BS; Alonda Pollins, MLI; Richard D. Dortch, PhD; Mark D. Does, PhD; Wesley P. Thayer, MD, PhD; Galen Perdikis, MD Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
2:19 pm - 2:27 pm	PN23. Viability and Signaling of the Muscle Cuff Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface Carrie A Kubiak, MD; Daniel Ursu, PhD; Jana D Moon, BS; Theodore A Kung, MD; Paul S Cederna, MD; Stephen WP Kemp, PhD University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
2:27 pm - 2:35 pm	PN24. The Introduction Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells To Clinically Available Nerve Substitutes Femke Mathot, MD1,2; Nadia Rbia, MD1,2; Mana Saffari, MD1,2; Allen T. Bishop, MD3; Andre van Wijnen, PhD4; Alexander Y. Shin, MD3 1Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Microvascular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 4Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
2:35 pm - 2:43 pm	PN25. A Rat Study Of The Use Of End-To-Side Peripheral Nerve Repair In Rats As A ‘Baby-Sitting’ Technique To Reduce The Deleterious Effect Of Chronic Denervation Tessa Gordon, PhD1; Olewale AR Sulaiman, MD, PhD, FRCS2 1The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2 Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA

1:15 pm - 1:23 pm	PN26. Surgical “Safe Zone” -- Rapid Anatomical Identification of the Lesser Occipital Nerve Nima Khavanin, MD; Hannah M. Carl, BS; Robin Yang, MD, DDS; Amir H. Dorafshar, MBChB Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
1:23 pm - 1:31 pm	PN27. Intraoperative Anatomy Associated with Migraines at the Frontal Trigger Site Ricardo Ortiz, BSc; Lisa Gfrerer, MD, PhD; Marek A. Hansdorfer, MD; Kassandra Nealon, BSc; William G., Jr. Austen, MD Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
1:31 pm - 1:39 pm	PN28. Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy: A Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Jersey Burns, BA; Linda Chao, MD; Zhongyu Li, MD, PhD; L. Andrew Koman, MD Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
1:39 pm - 1:47 pm	PN29. The Effects of Knee and Ankle Position on Tension and Pressure within the Peroneal Nerve at the Fibular Neck Louis H Poppler, MD, MSCI; Matthew Wood, PhD; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
1:47 pm - 1:55 pm	PN30. Patient-Reported Outcomes after Chemodenervation for Facial Paralysis Are Largely Dependent on Treatment of Lower Lip Depressors Alexandra Marie Keane, BA; Katherine Bernadette Santosa, MD, MS; Alison K. Snyder-Warwick, MD Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
1:55 pm - 2:03 pm	PN31. Endoscopic-Assisted Decompression of the Greater Occipital Nerve in Migraine and Chronic Headache Patients: Identification of Dynamic Compression Points and Radical Excision of the Occipital Artery Kyle Sanniec, MD; Michael Chung, BS; Karen Lu, BA; Bardia Amirlak, MD University of Texas at Southwestern, Dallas, TX
2:03 pm - 2:11 pm	PN32. Patterns of Opioid Use Among Peripheral Nerve Surgery Patients Katherine Bernadette Santosa, MD, MS1; Jodi B Lapidus, MPHS1; Ellen Larson, BS2; Linh Vuong, BA3; Amy M Moore, MD4; Alison K. Snyder-Warwick, MD1; Jennifer F. Waljee, MD, MPH, MS5; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD4 1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 2Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 3Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 4Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 5Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
2:11 pm - 2:19 pm	PN33. Features of Vagus Nerve Innervation to Motor Nerves Utilizing Helicoid End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy in Rats David Rivedal, MD1; Ji-Geng Yan, MD, PhD2; Feng-Yi Shen, MD3; Juan Figueroa, MD4; Hani Matloub, MD5; Lin-Ling Zhang, MD5; Robert Havlik, MD5 1Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, 2Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, 3Froedtert Health - Community Memorial Hospital, Menomonee Falls, WI, 4Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 5Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
2:19 pm - 2:27 pm	PN34. Recovery of Chronically Denervated Muscle Enhanced with Follistatin Treatment Jonathan Isaacs, MD1; Satya Mallu, MD1; Mark Feger, PhD2; Gaurangkumar Patel, BS2 1Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 2Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
2:27 pm - 2:35 pm	PN35. Occipital Neuralgia/ Migraine: Intra- Operative Evidence For Extracranial Pathology Lisa Gfrerer, MD, PhD; Marek A Hansdorfer, MD; Ricardo Ortiz, BSc; Kassandra Nealon, BSc; William G. Austen Jr, MD Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
2:35 pm - 2:43 pm	PN36. Facial Muscle Electromyography Activity for Neuroprosthetic Device Control in Facial Reanimation: Dynamic Relation between Facial Surface EMG and Facial Displacements Diego L. Guarin, Ph.D; Nate Jowett, MD Harvard Medical School / Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA

Peripheral nerve surgery, similar to microsurgery, has no anatomical boundaries, and has within its capacity, to treat a wide variety of life changing clinical scenarios including restoration of function, sensation, and the treatment of debilitating pain.

This years theme is the building of a wide array of different clinical practices in both academic and private practice environments, ranging from private practices targeting pain solutions, academic practices balancing clinical, basic science, and entrepenurial endevours, founding a Peripheral Nerve Center in a medical school, combining a clinical practice with evidence based approaches, and lessons learned from creating a facial palsy center.

This course is dedicated to all practitioners including microsurgeons, hand surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, and basic scientists at different level of expertise, that wish to expand their knowledge in peripheral nerves and apply these principles in their patient population.

Objectives: Following this session, the participant will be able to:

• Discuss the fundamentals of peripheral nerve surgery and the potential to deal with clinical problems of pain, loss of sensation, and loss of function.
• Recognize the wide range of practices in peripheral nerve surgery.
• Gain insights on building or incorporating peripheral nerve surgery into a practice, including entrepreneurial and funding possibilities.
• Discuss approaches and ideas on dealing with difficult clinical scenarios.

Creating a Peripheral Nerve Center in an Academic Arena
David L. Brown, MD

Peripheral Nerve Surgery in Private Practice
Robert R. Hagan, MD

Balancing Basic Science, Entrepreneurship, and a Busy Clinical Practice in Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Jonathan Cheng, MD

Building a Facial Palsy Practice- Lessons Learned over the Years
Shai Rozen, MD

The Opiod Epidemic - The Big Picture at a National Level, How it Affects our Patients, and How Peripheral Nerve Surgery Can Help
Jennifer Waljee, MD, MPH, MS

Medicine is an ever-evolving specialty. The wisdom of experience is most clearly highlighted by practices that are abandoned with experience. This panel of master reconstructive surgeons will focus on how their practice that have changed over time. They will focus on reconstructive strategies they once embraced and have now abandoned.

Objectives: Following this session, the participant will be able to:

1. Describe the process that leads to a change in practice.
2. Discuss how the latest techniques evolved.
3. Identify new approaches to use in practice

9:45 am - 9:49 am	ASPN 1. Surgical Results, Postoperative Complications And Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Free Muscle Flap In Case Of Therapy Resistant Neuropathy: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study Sara Van Bekkum, MD; Dirk van der Avoort, MD; Michiel Zuidam, MD, PhD; J. Henk Coert, MD, PhD University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
9:49 am - 9:53 am	ASPN 2. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Treats Neuroma and Phantom Limb Pain in Major Limb Amputees: A Randomized Clinical Trial Gregory A Dumanian, MD1; Benjamin K Potter, MD2; Lauren Mioton, MD3; Jennifer E. Cheesborough, MD4; Jason M. Souza, MD2; Sumanas W Jordan, MD, PhD1; William J Ertl, MD, PhD5; Scott M Tintle, MD6; George P. Nanos, MD7; Ian L. Valerio, MD, MS, MBA8; Vania Apkarian, PhD9; Jason H Ko, MD10 1Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 2Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 3Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, 4Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 5University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 6Walter Reed National Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 7Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 8Department of Plastic Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 9Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 10Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
9:53 am - 9:57 am	ASPN 3. Nerve Lengthening as a Strategy for Nerve Repair Holly M. Howarth, BS1; Adarsh Kadoor, BS1; Rayeheh Salem, MD1; Elisabeth Orozco, BS1; Mary Esparza, BS1; Sameer B. Shah, PhD2,3 1UCSD, La Jolla, CA, 2Orthopedic surgery, UCSD, San Diego, CA, 3VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
10:00 am - 10:04 am	ASRM 1. Correlation of the Axonal Capacity with the Microscopic Diameter of Relevant Facial Nerve Branches for Facial Reanimation in 788 Specimens: A Microscopic and Histologic Study Marc Ruewe, Medical Student1; Veronika Mandlik, MD1; Simon Udo Engelmann, Medical Student1; Christian Taeger, MD1; Lukas Prantl, Prof 1; Ernst Tamm, Prof1, Ronald Bleys, Prof2; Andreas Kehrer, MD3 1University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, 2University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery; University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
10:04 am - 10:08 am	ASRM 2. Achieving Favorable Outcomes in Functioning Free Muscle Transplantation Innervated By Cross Face Nerve Grafts for Smile Reanimation: A Multivariate Regression Analysis of Preoperative Factors Johnny Chuieng - Yi Lu, MD 1; Jerry Tsung-Kai Lin, MD2; Tommy Nai-Jen Chang, MD3; David Chwei-Chin Chuang, MD1 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 2Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 3Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
10:08 am - 10:12 am	ASRM 3. Functional Outcome in Common Peroneal Nerve (CPN) Injury Using Neurolysis/ Primarily Nerve Repair / Nerve Graft, a Comprehensive Single Center 28 Years’ Experience Arash Izadpanah, MD, FRCSC1; Ahmet H. Sakarya, MD2; Bassem W Daniel, MD3; David Chwei-Chin Chuang, MD4 1Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, 2Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 3Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, taoyuan City, Taiwan, 4Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
10:12 am - 10:15 am	Discussion

1:00 pm - 1:08 pm	PN37. The Ewing Amputation: The First Human Implementation of the Agonist-Antagonist Myoneural Interface Matthew J. Carty, MD1; Tyler R Clites, PhD2; Hugh Herr, PhD3; Shriya S Srinivasan, BS3; Anthony N Zorzos, PhD2 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 2MIT, Cambridge, MA, 3Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
1:08 pm - 1:16 pm	PN38. Selective Neurectomy for Spasticity: A Single Center Experience Ilyas Eli, MD; Hussam Aboualshaar, MBBS; Mark A. Mahan, MD University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
1:16 pm - 1:24 pm	PN39. Endogenous Expression Levels of Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) in Peripheral Multipotent Progenitor Cells Marvin E Dingle, MD1; Stephen Fernicola, MD1; Alexandra Yaszemski, MBA2; Sonia Zicaria, PhD2; Edmund C Nesti, PhD3; Leon J. Nesti, MD, PhD4 1Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 2Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 3Alcamena Stem Cell Therapeutics, Spencerville, MD, 4Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
1:24 pm - 1:32 pm	PN40. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in the Lower Extremity: A Technique for Prevention of Symptomatic Neuroma and Phantom Limb Pain at time of Below Knee Amputation Chris Devulapalli, MD; Christopher E. Attinger, MD; Grant M Kleiber, MD Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
1:32 pm - 1:40 pm	PN41. Piriformis Muscle Resection in Treatment of Sciatic Nerve Compression Tim Tollestrup, MD; A. Lee Dellon, MD, PhD Johns Hopkins University, Towson, MD
1:40 pm - 1:48 pm	PN42. Mechanical Allodynia Predicts Better Outcome Of Nerve Decompression For Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Indications Of A Sequential Compression Impairment Of Peripheral Nerve Fibers Chenlong Liao, MD; Wenchuan Zhang, MD; XinHua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
1:48 pm - 1:56 pm	PN43. An Assessment Of Fatigue and Co-contraction following Nerve Transfer in Reinnervated Elbow Flexor Muscles Matthew B Wilcox, BSc (Hons)1; Hazel Brown, Specialist Physiotherapist2; Kathryn Johnson, OT Lead3; Marco Sinisi, MD3; Tom J Quick, MBBS MA(Cantab) FRCS(Tr&Orth)2 1University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom, 3Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom

1:00 pm - 1:08 pm	PN44. Epineurial Lidocaine Injection for Nerve Transfers has a Neuroprotective Effect in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Model Harvey Chim, MD1; Christopher John Salgado, MD2; Nicole Miller, BS2; Erin Wolfe, BS2; Jeena Easow, MD2; Steven Ovadia, MD2; Zachary Hubbard, BS3; Adam Michael Kravietz, BS2; John Kimball, BS2; Sudheendra Rao, MD, PhD2; Damien Pearse, PhD2 1University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 2University of Miami, Miami, FL, 3University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL
1:08 pm - 1:16 pm	PN45. Conditioning Electrical Stimulation is Superior to Postoperative Electrical Stimulation, Resulting in Enhanced Nerve Regeneration and Functional Recovery Jenna-Lynn B Senger, MD1; K. Ming Chan, MD2; Ashley W Chan, (BSc)1; Jaret Olson, MD3; Michael J Morhart, MD, M.Sc3; Christine A Webber, PhD1 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 3Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
1:16 pm - 1:24 pm	PN46. High Frequency Alternating Current Neural Blockade as an Alternative Treatment for Spasticity Diego L. Guarin, PhD1; Joseph R Dusseldorp, MBBS, MS, FRACS2; Nate Jowett, MD1 1Harvard University, Boston, MA; 2The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
1:24 pm - 1:32 pm	PN47. WITHDRAWN
1:32 pm - 1:40 pm	PN48. Long Term Results of Tendon Transfers to Restore Shoulder Function in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Injuries Genevieve Dostaler, MD, MHA; Matthew WT Curran, MD, MSc; Kathleen O'Grady, BSc; Michael J Morhart, MD, M.Sc; Jaret Olson, MD University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
1:40 pm - 1:48 pm	PN49. The Interaction Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Neoangiogenesis And Functional Outcomes Of Processed Nerve Allografts In Peripheral Nerve Repair Femke Mathot, MD1,2; Nadia Rbia, MD1,2; Mana Saffari, MD1,2; Allen T. Bishop, MD3; Alexander Y. Shin, MD4 1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 2Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 3Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Microvascular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
1:48 pm - 1:56 pm	PN50. Understanding Viewer Behaviors to Optimize Video-Based Learning in Nerve Surgery William M. Padovano, BS1; Andrew Yee, BS1; Ida K. Fox, MD1; J. Henk Coert, MD, PhD2; Susan E. Mackinnon, MD1 1Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 2Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive- and Hand Surgery, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands

Peripheral nerve is a cutting edge field with many emerging technologies and treatments. Our members have been innovators and have seen the field change. This panel will discuss the steps and barriers to diffusion of innovations. The panel will review the field and highlight what is required for knowledge to be accepted and utilized in practice. It will then review innovators experiences highlighting what worked and what did not. The goal is to help smooth the path for future innovators and innovations.

Objectives: Following this session, the participant will be able to:

1. Describe the path to implementation of an idea.
2. Discuss the unique paths to diffusion for different ideas (device, surgical procedure, academic knowledge).